The ICSE Class 10 Chemistry syllabus for 2024-25 covers critical concepts that bridge theoretical knowledge with hands-on experiments. Students will gain insights into atomic structure, chemical bonding, stoichiometry, and electrolysis, preparing them for advanced studies in chemistry. With a balance of practical assessments and structured theory, this syllabus builds a strong foundation in chemistry, emphasizing observation, analysis, and experimental accuracy.
ICSE Class 10 Chemistry Syllabus 2024-25
The ICSE Class 10 Chemistry Syllabus 2024-25 provides students with a comprehensive understanding of fundamental chemistry concepts, including chemical bonding, periodicity, acids, bases, salts, electrolysis, metallurgy, and organic chemistry. The syllabus emphasizes theoretical knowledge alongside practical applications, allowing students to explore chemical reactions, stoichiometry, and real-world chemical processes. Divided into two sections, the syllabus focuses on short-answer questions covering the entire curriculum and in-depth questions that encourage a deeper understanding of specific topics.
ICSE Class 10 Chemistry Syllabus In Detail
1. Periodic Properties and Variations of Properties (Physical and Chemical)
- Periodic Properties: This section covers fundamental periodic properties, such as atomic size, metallic and non-metallic character, ionization potential, electron affinity, and electronegativity. Students will study how these properties vary across groups and periods in the periodic table.
- Modern Periodic Table: Special focus is given to the elements up to Period 3, with an emphasis on understanding trends in the alkali metals and halogens.
2. Chemical Bonding
- Electrovalent Bonding: Students will explore the electron dot structures of electrovalent compounds (e.g., NaCl, MgCl₂, CaO), focusing on the properties like state of existence, melting and boiling points, and conductivity.
- Covalent Bonding: The syllabus includes electron dot structures of covalent molecules (e.g., H₂, Cl₂, NH₃, CH₄), examining the concept of polar covalent bonds (HCl, H₂O) and comparing them with electrovalent compounds.
- Coordinate Bonding: Key focus on the formation of hydronium (H₃O⁺) and ammonium (NH₄⁺) ions, along with understanding lone pairs and bond formation through electron dot diagrams.
3. Study of Acids, Bases, and Salts
- Definitions and Properties: Acids, bases, and salts are defined in terms of their molecular characteristics, with explanations of ions in solutions, such as the hydronium and hydroxyl ions.
- pH Scale: Students learn to use pH paper and universal indicators to identify acidity, neutrality, or alkalinity.
- Reactions and Preparation: This includes the action of dilute acids on salts, preparation methods for normal salts, and types of salts (normal, acidic, and basic).
4. Analytical Chemistry
- Reactions with NaOH and NH₄OH: Focus is placed on the reaction of sodium hydroxide and ammonium hydroxide with various metal salts, observing color changes and precipitate formation.
- Alkalis on Metals: The syllabus also examines the amphoteric behavior of metals like aluminum, zinc, and lead when reacting with strong alkalis such as NaOH and KOH.
5. Mole Concept and Stoichiometry
- Mole and Avogadro’s Law: Key concepts include Avogadro’s Law, Gay Lussac’s Law of Combining Volumes, and the idea of the mole as a counting unit, with practical applications in calculating molar volume.
- Calculations: Students learn to perform simple calculations involving molar volume, mass, volume, and Avogadro’s number, as well as deducing empirical and molecular formulas.
6. Electrolysis
- Electrolytes and Electrodes: Definitions and classifications of electrolytes and non-electrolytes, including substances with only molecules, only ions, or both.
- Electrolytic Processes: Focus on selective ion discharge, with practical examples like molten lead bromide and aqueous copper(II) sulfate.
- Applications: Includes electroplating and electro-refining processes, especially nickel and silver electroplating, and the refining of copper.
7. Metallurgy
- Extraction of Metals: Introduction to ore dressing and metal extraction methods like roasting, calcination, and reduction, using examples like copper oxide and lead (II) oxide.
- Extraction of Aluminum: Detailed study of the Baeyer’s Process for purifying bauxite and the Hall-Héroult Process for electrolytic extraction.
- Alloys: Composition and uses of alloys such as stainless steel, brass, bronze, and solder.
8. Study of Compounds
- Hydrogen Chloride: Covers preparation, properties, and reactions, including the fountain experiment and preparation of hydrochloric acid.
- Ammonia: Explores laboratory preparation, solubility, reactions (e.g., with HCl and copper oxide), and uses in fertilizers and refrigerants.
- Nitric Acid: Laboratory preparation and large-scale production through the Ostwald process, with reactions as an oxidizing agent.
- Sulphuric Acid: Focus on its preparation, reactions as an acid, oxidizing agent, and dehydrating agent, as well as non-volatile nature.
9. Organic Chemistry
- Introduction: Concepts of carbon’s tetravalency, formation of single, double, and triple bonds, and hydrocarbons like alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes.
- Homologous Series and Isomerism: Structural formulae and isomerism, with examples for alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes.
- Alcohols and Carboxylic Acids: Study of ethanol and acetic acid, covering preparation, properties, and practical uses.
Practical Work
In addition to the theoretical study, the syllabus mandates practical assessments, where students identify gases and ions and observe chemical reactions. Experiments include:
- Heating substances like copper and zinc carbonates, identifying products, and drawing deductions.
- Observing the reaction of dilute acids and alkalis with certain compounds.
- Testing with indicators and performing simple qualitative analysis.
ICSE Class 10 Chemistry Syllabus 2024-25 PDF Download
Students can download the complete ICSE Class 10 Chemistry Syllabus 2024-25 PDF for easy reference. This downloadable syllabus is a valuable resource, detailing all topics, practical experiments, and exam requirements. From chemical bonding to organic chemistry, each section is covered in detail, ensuring students have access to all the essential information for successful preparation.
ICSE Class 10 Chemistry Syllabus 2024-25-Click Here To Download PDF