The ISC Class 12 Legal Studies Syllabus for 2024-25 covers a wide range of legal topics, focusing on key areas such as the law of crimes, alternate dispute resolution (ADR), the Indian Contract Act, and the law of torts. Students will learn about the stages and elements of crime, various offenses under the Indian Penal Code, and essential legal concepts like Mens Rea and Actus Reus. Additionally, the syllabus introduces ADR mechanisms like arbitration, mediation, conciliation, and Lok Adalats, while also exploring legal aid under the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987, emphasizing the importance of Article 39A of the Constitution.
ISC Class 12 Legal Studies Syllabus 2024-25
The syllabus also includes an in-depth study of contract law, tort law, and the transfer of property, along with an exploration of fundamental rights, duties, and directive principles as laid out in the Indian Constitution. Through project work, students engage with real-world legal issues, research case studies, and gain practical insights into the legal system. The combination of theoretical knowledge and practical application prepares students for higher studies or careers in law.
The ISC Class 12 Legal Studies syllabus for 2024-25 consists of two parts:
- Paper I: Theory (70 Marks)
- Paper II: Project Work (30 Marks)
Paper I (Theory) – 70 Marks
1. Law of Crimes
- Stages and Elements of Crime:
- Stages of crime
- Difference between Intention, Motive, and Knowledge
- Concepts of Mens Rea and Actus Reus
- Five Categories of Crimes:
- Crimes against a person
- Crimes against property
- Inchoate crimes
- Statutory crimes
- Financial crimes
- Offences under the Indian Penal Code (IPC):
- Offences against the human body: Culpable homicide, murder, dowry death, rash and negligent acts, assault, and cruelty by husband or relatives.
- Offences against property: Theft, extortion, robbery, dishonest misappropriation, criminal breach of trust, and cheating.
2. Alternate Dispute Resolution (ADR)
- Judicial and Quasi-Judicial Bodies:
- Differences between judicial and quasi-judicial bodies
- Tribunals such as the National Green Tribunal (NGT) and Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (ITAT)
- Section 89 CPC: Source of the ADR system and its benefits.
- Types of ADR:
- Arbitration: Meaning, arbitration agreement, court referral (Section 8), and arbitral awards.
- Mediation & Conciliation: Meaning, role of the mediator/conciliator, sanctity of settlements.
- Lok Adalat: Meaning, jurisdiction, and significance of awards.
3. Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987
- Article 39A of the Constitution: Importance and objectives.
- Legal Aid: Eligibility and functions of the Legal Services Authorities.
- Role of Educational Institutions and Para Legal Volunteers.
4. Indian Contract Act, 1872
- Essentials of a Valid Contract:
- Offer and acceptance
- Intention to create legal relations
- Consideration, capacity, and free consent
- Legality of the object
- Void Agreements: Sections 23 to 30.
- Differences:
- Coercion vs. undue influence
- Fraud vs. misrepresentation
- Void vs. voidable contracts
- Valid contract vs. void agreement
5. Law of Torts
- Introduction to Tort Law: Definition, intentional torts, negligence, and strict liability.
- Vicarious Liability: Principles such as Quit Facit Per Alium Facit Per Se and Respondeat Superior.
6. Transfer of Property Act, 1882
- Types of Property: Movable and immovable property.
- Transfer of Property: Modes of transfer, doctrine of election, and doctrine of lis pendens.
7. Fundamental Rights, Duties, and Directive Principles
- Fundamental Rights: Right to equality, freedom, religion, cultural rights, and constitutional remedies.
- Directive Principles of State Policy: Justiciability and differences from Fundamental Rights.
- Fundamental Duties: Meaning and enumerations.
8. Important Laws
- The Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993: Definition of human rights, NHRC functions.
- Lokpal and Lokayukta Act, 2013: Meaning, scope, and differences between Lokpal and Lokayukta.
9. Legal Maxims
- Important legal maxims with meanings such as:
- Actus non facit reum nisi mens sit rea
- Audi alterem partum
- Bona fide
- Caveat Emptor
- Res ipsa loquitur
- Stare Decisis
Paper II (Project Work) – 30 Marks
Students are required to undertake two project studies, each worth 15 marks. The topics should be chosen from the syllabus and can extend areas of personal or group interest. The projects should include information from a variety of sources such as cases, legislation, media, and international instruments to support legal arguments.
Mark Allocation Per Study:
| Evaluation Criteria | Marks |
|---|---|
| Teacher Evaluation | 5 |
| Visiting Examiner Evaluation | 10 |
| Total per Study | 15 |
Breakdown of Visiting Examiner Marks:
| Evaluation Criteria | Marks |
|---|---|
| Presentation | 2 |
| Content | 2 |
| Analysis | 3 |
| Viva-voce | 3 |
| Total | 10 |
Suggested Project Topics:
- Analyze a situation where an act can be both a civil and criminal wrong.
- Research case studies such as Lalman Shukla v. Gauri Dutt or Balfour v. Balfour.
- Investigate legal issues associated with electronic contracts.
- Attend a court or tribunal session and prepare a report.
- Write a report on Human Rights violations by the police in India.
- Analyze “Free Speech vs. Contempt of Court” in the context of the Prashanth Bhushan case.
ISC Class 12 Legal Studies Syllabus 2024-25 PDF Download
To download the ISC Class 12 Legal Studies Syllabus for 2024-25 in PDF format, students can visit the official CISCE website or obtain it from the link given below. The PDF will provide detailed information on both the theory and project work components.
ISC Class 12 Legal Studies Syllabus 2024-25-Click Here To Download PDF
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